{"id":114,"date":"2018-04-24T21:40:26","date_gmt":"2018-04-24T13:40:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rebecca.defjia.top\/?p=114"},"modified":"2018-05-26T15:47:22","modified_gmt":"2018-05-26T07:47:22","slug":"outline-lecture-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rebecca.defjia.top\/index.php\/archives\/114","title":{"rendered":"Lecture 7-Syntax \u53e5\u6cd5\u5b66"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>I. The Definition of Syntax<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>words combined to form sentences<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>II. Syntactic relations<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Positional relation (word order): sequential\u00a0arrangement<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C-selection (Categorial Selection)\u8303\u7574\/\u8bed\u7c7b\u9009\u62e9<br \/>\n???<br \/>\nS-selection (semantic selection)\u8bed\u4e49\u9009\u62e9:\u00a0The predicates may impose semantic restrictions<\/p>\n<p>\u00d8Syntagmatic relation observed by F. D. Saussure \u00d8Horizontal relations \u00d8Chain relations<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Relation of substitutability<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00d8Associative relations by Saussure \u00d8Paradigmatic relation by Hjemslev<br \/>\n\u00d8Vertical relation \u00d8choice relation<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Relation of co-occurrence \u5171\u73b0\u5173\u7cfb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>III. Immediate Constituent analysis<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>definition<\/li>\n<li>Tests for constituenthood<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>The substitution test<\/li>\n<li>The movement test<\/li>\n<li>The coordination test<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Tree diagram\/bracketing p77<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>NP, PP, VP, IP, CP<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/strong>IV. Endocentric and exocentric constructions<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Endocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents. (Usually NP, VP, and AdjP )<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Construction: coordination; subordination<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Exocentric construction<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V. Syntactic function<\/p>\n<p>Subject; predicate; object<\/p>\n<p>VI. Category<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Number: singular, plural, dual, trial<\/li>\n<li>Gender: masculine, feminine, neuter<\/li>\n<li>Case: nominative (\u4e3b\u683c\uff09, accusative\uff08\u5bbe\u683c\uff09, genitive\uff08\u5c5e\u683c\uff09, dative\uff08\u4e0e\u683c\uff09<\/li>\n<li>Concord(agreement)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I. The Definition of Syntax words combined to form [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rebecca.defjia.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/114"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rebecca.defjia.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rebecca.defjia.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rebecca.defjia.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rebecca.defjia.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=114"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/rebecca.defjia.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/114\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":124,"href":"https:\/\/rebecca.defjia.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/114\/revisions\/124"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rebecca.defjia.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=114"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rebecca.defjia.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=114"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rebecca.defjia.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=114"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}