{"id":135,"date":"2018-05-26T16:04:21","date_gmt":"2018-05-26T08:04:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rebecca.defjia.top\/?p=135"},"modified":"2018-06-02T20:37:02","modified_gmt":"2018-06-02T12:37:02","slug":"lecture-9-pragmatics-%e8%af%ad%e7%94%a8%e5%ad%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rebecca.defjia.top\/index.php\/archives\/135","title":{"rendered":"Lecture 9-Pragmatics \u8bed\u7528\u5b66"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>I. Definition of Pragmatics<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the study of meaning<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"> in context, <\/span>or it is the study of language in use.<\/li>\n<li>Pragmatics=meaning-semantics<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>II. Speech act theory<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"> first<\/span> major theory in the study of language in use.<\/li>\n<li>J. L. Austin, Words and deeds,\u00a0<i>How to do things with words<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Performative\u65bd\u4e3a\u53e5 and constative\u53d9\u4e8b\u53e5<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">Verbs<\/span> like <i>bet, promise, warn<\/i> and so on are performative verbs.<\/li>\n<li>The typical performative sentences use<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"> first person singular subject, simple present tense, indicative mood, active voice and performative verbs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Felicity conditions for performatives \u9002\u5207\u6761\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">A. (i) There must be a relevant conventional procedure, and<br \/>\n(ii) the relevant participants and circumstances must be appropriate.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><\/strong>B.\u00a0 The procedure must be executed correctly and completely.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">C. very often, (i) the relevant people must have the requisite thoughts, feelings and intentions, and (ii) must follow it up with actions as specified.<\/p>\n<p>Locutionary act, illocutionary act, perlocutionary act ???<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Locutionary act: The utterance of a sentence with determinate sense and reference. \u8a00\u5185\u884c\u4e3a<\/li>\n<li>Illocutionary act: The making of a statement, offer, promise, etc. in uttering a sentence, by virtue of the conventional force associated with it. \u8a00\u5916\u884c\u4e3a<\/li>\n<li>Perlocutionary act: The bringing out of effects on the audience by means of uttering the sentence, such effects being special to the circumstances of utterance. \u8a00\u540e\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u53d6\u6548\u884c\u4e3a\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>III. The theory of conversational implicature<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>H.P. Grice<\/li>\n<li>The Cooperative Principle\u00a0(Four maxims)- P177<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">1.The maxim of Quantity \u6570\u91cf\u51c6\u5219<br \/>\n2.The maxim of Quality \u8d28\u91cf<br \/>\n3.The maxim of Relation \u5173\u7cfb<br \/>\n4.The maxim of Manner \u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Violations of the maxims<\/li>\n<li>Characteristics of implicature<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u00d8Calculability \u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u6027<br \/>\n\u00d8Cancellability\/Defeasibility \u53ef\u53d6\u6d88\u6027<br \/>\n\u00d8Non-detachability \u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u79bb\u6027\uff08\u4e0e\u8bed\u4e49\u5185\u5bb9\uff09<br \/>\n\u00d8Non-conventionality \u975e\u89c4\u7ea6\u6027<\/p>\n<p><strong>IV. Post-Gricean developments P184<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00d8Relevance theory<br \/>\n\u00d8The Q- and R-principles<br \/>\n\u00d8The Q- I- and M-principles<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I. Definition of Pragmatics the study of meaning i [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rebecca.defjia.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rebecca.defjia.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rebecca.defjia.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rebecca.defjia.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rebecca.defjia.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=135"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/rebecca.defjia.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":138,"href":"https:\/\/rebecca.defjia.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135\/revisions\/138"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rebecca.defjia.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=135"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rebecca.defjia.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=135"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rebecca.defjia.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}