Lecture 4-Phonology 音系学

I. Definition of phonology

II. The distinction between phonetics and phonology

• definition
• range

III. The basic unit of phonology: phoneme

• definition: distinguish
• Allophone 音位变体

-conditions: Phonetic similarity & Complementary distribution

• Free variants 自由变体

IV. Segments in Contrast

???

• Minimal Pairs 最小对立体: …differ one segment in the same position

V. Distinctive feature

• proposed by Roman jakobson
• definition
• eg, /p/ & /b/

VI. Syllable(以发音为准而不是字母数量)

• Ø English syllabic structure (ccc)v(cccc)
  Ø Chinese syllabic structure (c)v(c)
• open syllable & close syllable
• Maximal onset principle: eg. telling
• Stress: degree of force; relative

word stress & sentence stress

VII. Phonological Processes

• 3 aspects: undergo; produce; apply
• Typical phonological processes: ØNasalization ØDentalization ØVelarization
• Phonological rules ???
• Assimilation

-Progressive assimilation: eg. /map/

-Regressive assimilation: eg. can; sink; since

• Devoicing 清音化
• The rule ordering: elsewhere condition