Lecture 5-Morphology (I) 形态学

I. Definition of morphology

• internal structure and rules

II. Morpheme

• definition: minimal meaningful unit
• fundamental properties of human language—— discreteness.
• Morph（语素形式）
• Allomorph （语素变体）
• The classification of morphs as allomorphs is based on
  (i) Similarity of meaning(ii) Complementary distribution

III. Classification of morphemes

• Free morpheme
• Bound morpheme：

-Derivational morphemes: derive new words
-Inflectional morphemes: syntactical relations

1. Inflections related to English nouns
2. Infections related to English verbs
3. Inflections related to English adjectives: comparative or superlative

• Processes related to inflection:

Internal change; Suppletion (不规则字形变化); Reduplication; Tone placement

“Both derivational morphemes and inflectional morphemes are bound morphemes.”  (?)

• Root: base form
• Stem: can add an inflectional affix
• Affix: only add to other morphemes; bound

Division of affix:

-inflectional affix and derivational affix.

-prefix, infix and suffix; circumfix

VI.

• Morphophonemics
• Phonological conditioning
• Dissimilation （异化）