Lecture 6-Morphology (II) 形态学

I. Definition of word

• Definition

Morpheme < word < word group<  phrase < clause < sentence

• Lexeme
• Identification of words: ØStability ØRelative uninterruptibility ØA minimum free form

II. Classification of words

• Function Words/grammatical words: grammatical meaning-conj. prep. articles, pronouns, determiners

Content Words/Lexical words: n. v. adj. adv.

• close class words: fixed and limited-Pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, articles; function wd are ~

open class words: Øverbs, adjectives, and many adverbs; content words are ~

III. Word formation

• Compounding:adj+adj: bittersweet, icy-cold; adj+n: poorhouse, wildfire; adj+v:endocentric
• Affixation/derivation
• Invention (创新词语）
• Shortening:

1. blending（混成法） Smoke+fog=smog
2. Abbreviation（缩写法)/clipping: Professor-Prof
3. Acronym/Initialism（首字母缩略词）
4. Back-formation（逆构法）: deletion of a supposed affix. editor →edit