Lecture 3-Phonetics 语音学

I. Three branches of phonetics

• Articulatory phonetics: production
• Acoustic phonetics: physical properties
• Auditory/Perceptual phonetics: perception

II. Speech organs(*figure 2.2 on p26)

• Three Cavities: ØOral cavity ØNasal cavity ØPharyngeal cavity

III. International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

• Otto Jesperson; published in 1888
• to symbolize the sounds of all languages
• “one and only one
• definition of diacritics？

IV. Classification of consonants(*table 2.1 on p34)

• The distinction between consonants and vowels lies in the obstruction of airstream.
  (consonants-obstruction; vowels: no obstruction)

1. Manners of articulation

ØStop/plosive
ØNasal
ØFricative
ØAffricate
ØApproximant
ØLateral

2. Places of articulation

ØBilabial
ØLabio-dental
ØDental
ØAlveolar
ØPost-alveolar
ØPalatal
ØVelar
Øglottal

3.Voiced or voiceless

V. Classification of vowels(*table 2.2 on p35)

• Criteria